He lālā ʻepekema ʻo Crystal optics e aʻo ana i ka hoʻolaha ʻana o ka mālamalama i loko o kahi aniani hoʻokahi a me nā mea e pili ana. ʻO ka hoʻolaha ʻana o ka mālamalama i loko o nā kristal cubic he isotropic, ʻaʻohe ʻokoʻa mai kēlā me nā kristal amorphous homogeneous. Ma nā ʻōnaehana aniani ʻeono ʻē aʻe, ʻo ka ʻano maʻamau o ka hoʻolaha māmā ʻana he anisotropy. No laila, ʻo ka mea noiʻi o nā optics crystal he mea maoli anisotropic optical medium, me ka wai aniani.

Hiki ke hoʻoholo ʻia ka hoʻolaha ʻana o ka mālamalama i loko o kahi ʻano opipika anisotropic i ka manawa like e nā hoʻohālikelike o Maxwell a me ka hoʻohālikelike mea e hōʻike ana i ka anisotropy o ka mea. Ke kūkākūkā mākou i ka hihia nalu mokulele, paʻakikī ke ʻano analytic. Ke noʻonoʻo ʻole ʻia ka absorption a me ka huli ʻana o ke aniani, hoʻohana mau ʻia ke ʻano kiʻi kiʻi geometric i ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa, a ʻoi aku ka maʻamau o ka refractive index ellipsoid a me ka ʻili nalu māmā. ʻO nā mea hana hoʻokolohua maʻamau i hoʻohana ʻia i nā optics crystal he refractometer, optical goniometer, polarizing microscope a me spectrophotometer.

He mau noi koʻikoʻi ko Crystal optics i ka orientation crystal, ka ʻike mineral, ka ʻano kristal kālailai a noiʻi ma nā mea ʻē aʻe nā mea ʻike maka aniani e like me nā hopena nonlinear a me ka hoʻopuʻi māmā. ʻO ke aniani ʻōpikaʻāpanas, e like me ka polarizing prisms, compensators, etc. hoʻohana nui ʻia i nā mea hana optical a me nā hoʻokolohua.

WISOPTIC Polarizers