ʻO ka hopena Photorefractive ke kumu o nā noi holographic optical, akā lawe pū ia i nā pilikia i nā noi optical ʻē aʻe, no laila ua hoʻomaikaʻi nui ʻia ke kūpaʻa photorefractive o ka kristal lithium niobate, a ʻo ia ka hoʻoponopono doping ʻo ia ke ʻano koʻikoʻi.He ʻokoʻa i ka doping photorefractive, hoʻohana ka anti-photorefractive doping i nā mea me ka valent non-variable e hōʻemi i ke kikowaena photorefractive.I ka makahiki 1980, ua hōʻike ʻia ka piʻi ʻana o ke kūpaʻa photorefractive o ka lākiō kiʻekiʻe Mg-doped LN kristal ma mua o 2 mau kauoha o ka nui, i huki nui ʻia.I ka makahiki 1990, ua ʻike ka poʻe noiʻi he kiʻekiʻe ke kūpaʻa photorefractive kiʻekiʻe ka zinc-doped LN e like me ka magnesium-doped LN.I kekahi mau makahiki ma hope mai, ua ʻike ʻia ʻo LN scandium-doped a me indium-doped i loaʻa pū kekahi i ka pale photorefractive.

Ma 2000, Xu et al.ʻike ʻia kēlā kiʻekiʻelākiō Mg-dopedLNke aniani me ka pale kiʻi kiʻi kiʻekiʻe i ka pūʻulu ʻike ʻia hasʻO ka hana photorefractive maikaʻi loa i ka hui UV.Ua ʻike ʻia kēia ʻike ma o ka hoʻomaopopo ʻana okapale paʻi paʻi kiʻi oLNaniani, a hoʻopiha pū i ka hakahaka o nā mea photorefractive i hoʻohana ʻia i ka hui ultraviolet.ʻO ka lōʻihi o ka hawewe pōkole ʻo ia ka nui o ka holographic grating hiki ke liʻiliʻi a ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi, a hiki ke holoi ʻia a kākau ʻia i loko o ka grating e ke kukui ultraviolet, a heluhelu ʻia e ke kukui ʻulaʻula a me ke kukui ʻōmaʻomaʻo, no laila e ʻike ai i ka hoʻohana ʻana o nā optics holographic. .Lamarque et al.hāpai i ka mea kiʻekiʻeratio Mg-dopedLN ʻO ke aniani i hāʻawi ʻia e Nankai University ma ke ʻano he UV photorefractivemea waiwaia hoʻomaopopo i ka hōʻailona laser ʻelua-dimensional programmable ma o ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka hoʻonui ʻana i nā kukui i hui pū ʻia.

I ka wā mua, ua komo nā mea doping anti-photorefractive i nā mea divalent a me trivalent e like me ka magnesium, zinc, indium a me scandium.Ma 2009, Kong et al.Ua hoʻomohala ʻia ka doping anti-photorefractive me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka tetranā mea waiwai e like me ka hafnium, zirconium a me ka tin.I ka loaʻa ʻana o ke kūpaʻa photorefractive like, i hoʻohālikelike ʻia me nā mea doped divalent a trivalent, ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi o ka doping o nā mea tetradvalent, no ka laʻana, 4.0 mol% hafnium a me 6.0 mol% magnesium doped.LNloaʻa nā kristal similarpale ʻana i ka photorefractive,2.0 mol% zirconium a me 6.5 mol% magnesium dopedLNloaʻa nā kristal similarpale paʻi kiʻi.Eia kekahi, ʻo ka coefficient hoʻokaʻawale o ka hafnium, zirconium a me ka tin i ka lithium niobate kokoke i ka 1, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi no ka hoʻomākaukau ʻana i nā kristal kiʻekiʻe.

Hoʻokumu ʻia ka LN kiʻekiʻe e WISOPTIC [www.wisoptic.com]