Ma waho aʻe o ka hopena piezoelectric, ka hopena photoelectric oLNHe waiwai nui ka crystal, ma waena o ka hopena electro-optical a me ka hopena optical nonlinear he hana koʻikoʻi a hoʻohana nui ʻia.Eia kekahi,LNhiki ke anianima muahoʻomākaukau i ke alakaʻi nalu optical kiʻekiʻe e ka proton exchange a i ʻole titanium diffusion, akekahihiki kema muae hoʻomākaukau i ke aniani polarization manawa ma o ka hoʻohuli polarization. No laila, he nui nā noi LN kristal in E-Omodulator (e like me ka mea i hōʻike ʻia ma ke kiʻi), modulator phase, hoʻololi optical i hoʻohui ʻia,E-O Q-hoʻololi, E-Onā deflectors, nā mea ʻike uila kiʻekiʻe, ka ʻike alo nalu, nā oscillators parametric optical a me nā superlattices ferroelectric.etc..Kahi mea hou aʻe,ka LN crystal-based applications owili luaaUa hōʻike pū ʻia nā papa ngle, nā mea holographic optical, infrared pyroelectric detectors a me erbium-doped waveguide lasers.

ʻAʻole like me nā noi piezoelectric, kase pono ʻokoʻa nā noi e pili ana i ka hoʻoili ʻanahoʻokōno ka meaLNnā kristal.Fmualy, kahoʻolaha ʻana o ka nalu māmā, meka lōʻihi o ka nalu mai nā haneli nanometer a i kekahi mau microns, koi i ka kristal aole wale noloaʻa i ka hoʻohālikelike optical maikaʻi loaaka, e hoomalu loa ia i kanā hemahema anianime ka nuihoohalikeia me ka nalulōʻihi.ʻO ka lua,it pono mauno kapalapala noi no ka hoomalu ana i ka mahele a me ka polarization o ka hawewe malamalama e hoolaha ana i ke aniani.Pili pololei kēia mau ʻāpana i ka nui a me ka puʻunaue ʻana o ka index refractive o ke aniani, no laila pono e hoʻopau i ka inpilikia o loko a me wahoo ke aniani e like me ka hiki. LNʻO nā kristal e kūpono ana i nā koi o nā noi optical i kapa pinepine ʻia ʻo "optic gradeLNkristal”.

Z-axis a meX-axisapono nui ia no ka ulu ana opapa kiʻekiʻeLNaniani.No ke aniani LN, Z-axisloaʻaka mea kiekie loageometriclikelikeka meakulike me kalikelike okahua wela.No lailaZ-kūpono ke axis i ka ulu ʻana o ke kūlana kiʻekiʻeLN anianika mea kupono ie ʻoki ʻia i loko o nā ʻāpana ʻāpana a i ʻole nā ​​ʻāpana ʻano kūikawā.ʻO nā mea hana ferroelectric superlattice kekahihana ʻiamai Z-axisLNwafers. X-axisLNHoʻohana nui ʻia ka kristal e hoʻomākaukau i ka X-cut LNwafer, i kūpono me ka ʻoki, chamfering, wili, polishing, photoliography a me nā ʻenehana hana ʻē aʻe i hoʻomohala ʻia e ke kaʻina semiconductor.X-axisLNhe anianinuihoʻohana ʻia i ka hapa nuiEOmodulators, phase modulators, birefringent wedge slices, waveguide lasers a pela aku.

ʻO ke aniani LN kiʻekiʻe (LN Pockels cell) i hoʻomohala ʻia e WISOPTIC.