He mau noi koʻikoʻi nā laser mana kiʻekiʻe i ka noiʻi ʻepekema a me nā kahua ʻoihana koa e like me ka hoʻoili ʻana i ka laser a me ke ana photoelectric. Ua hānau ʻia ka laser mua o ka honua i ka makahiki 1960. Ma 1962, ua hoʻohana ʻo McClung i ka nitrobenzene Kerr cell e hoʻokō i ka mālama ʻana i ka ikehu a me ka hoʻokuʻu wikiwiki ʻana, no laila e loaʻa ai ka laser pulsed me ka mana kiʻekiʻe. ʻO ka puka ʻana o ka ʻenehana Q-switching he mea koʻikoʻi nui i ka mōʻaukala o ka hoʻomohala ʻana i ka mana kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe. Ma kēia ʻano, hoʻopili ʻia ka ikehu laser pulse hoʻomau a ākea i loko o nā pulses me ka laulā manawa haiki loa. Hoʻonui ʻia ka mana peak laser e kekahi mau kauoha o ka nui. Loaʻa i ka ʻenehana Q-switching electro-optic ka maikaʻi o ka manawa hoʻololi pōkole, ka puka pulse paʻa, hoʻonohonoho maikaʻi, a me ka poho haʻahaʻa. Hiki ke maʻalahi ka mana kiʻekiʻe o ka laser puka i nā haneli megawatts.

ʻO ka Electro-optic Q-switching he ʻenehana koʻikoʻi no ka loaʻa ʻana o ka laulā pulse haiki a me nā lasers mana kiʻekiʻe. ʻO kāna kumu nui ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka hopena electro-optic o nā kristal e hoʻokō i nā loli wikiwiki i ka nalowale o ka ikehu o ka resonator laser, a laila e kāohi ana i ka mālama ʻana a me ka hoʻokuʻu wikiwiki ʻana o ka ikehu i loko o ka lua a i ʻole ka laser medium. ʻO ka hopena electro-optical o ke aniani e pili ana i ke ʻano o ke kino kahi e hoʻololi ai ka index refractive o ka mālamalama i loko o ke aniani me ka ikaika o ke kahua uila i hoʻohana ʻia o ke aniani. ʻO ke ʻano o ka hoʻololi ʻana o ka index refractive a me ka ikaika o ke kahua uila i hoʻopili ʻia i ka pilina laina i kapa ʻia ʻo linear electro-optics, a i ʻole Pockels Effect. ʻO ke ʻano o ka hoʻololi ʻana o ka huaʻōlelo refractive a me ka huinahā o ka ikaika kahua uila i hoʻopili ʻia he pilina laina i kapa ʻia ʻo ka hopena electro-optic lua a i ʻole Kerr Effect.

Ma lalo o nā kūlana maʻamau, ʻoi aku ka nui o ka hopena electro-optic linear o ke aniani ma mua o ka hopena electro-optic lua. Hoʻohana nui ʻia ka hopena electro-optic linear i ka ʻenehana Q-switching electro-optic. Aia i loko o nā kristal 20 āpau me nā pūʻulu kiko ʻole-centrosymmetric. Akā ma ke ʻano he mea electro-optic maikaʻi loa, ʻaʻole pono kēia mau kristal e loaʻa i kahi hopena electro-optic ʻoi aku ka maopopo, akā kūpono hoʻi i ka hoʻouna ʻana i nā kukui kūpono, ka paepae hōʻino laser kiʻekiʻe, a me ka paʻa o nā waiwai physicochemical, nā ʻano wela maikaʻi, maʻalahi o ka hana, a inā paha e hiki ke loaʻa ke aniani hoʻokahi me ka nui a me ke ʻano kiʻekiʻe. Ma ka ʻōlelo maʻamau, pono e loiloi ʻia nā kristal Q-switching electro-optic pono mai nā ʻaoʻao aʻe: (1) pono electro-optic coefficient; (2) ka paepae pōʻino laser; (3) ka laulā māmā; (4) ka pale ʻana i ka uila; (5) dielectric mau; (6) mau waiwai kino a me kemika; (7) machinability. Me ka hoʻomohala ʻana o ka noi a me ka holomua ʻenehana o ka pulse pōkole, ka pinepine o ka repetition kiʻekiʻe, a me nā ʻōnaehana laser mana kiʻekiʻe, ke hoʻomau nei ka hoʻonui ʻana i nā koi o nā kristal Q-switching.

I ka wā mua o ka hoʻomohala ʻana i ka ʻenehana Q-switching electro-optic, ʻo nā kristal i hoʻohana wale ʻia ʻo lithium niobate (LN) a me ka potassium di-deuterium phosphate (DKDP). He haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa ʻo LN crystal a hoʻohana nui ʻia i nā laser mana haʻahaʻa a i ʻole. I ka manawa like, ma muli o ke kua o ka ʻenehana hoʻomākaukau kristal, ʻaʻole paʻa ka maikaʻi o ka LN crystal no ka manawa lōʻihi, kahi i kaupalena ʻia ai kāna noi ākea i nā lasers. ʻO ke aniani DKDP ka deuterated phosphoric acid potassium dihydrogen (KDP) crystal. Loaʻa iā ia ka paepae pōʻino kiʻekiʻe a hoʻohana nui ʻia i nā ʻōnaehana laser Q-switching electro-optic. Eia nō naʻe, hiki i ka DKDP crystal ke deliquescent a lōʻihi ka ulu ʻana, e kaupalena ana i kāna noi i kekahi ʻano. Hoʻohana pū ʻia ka kristal rubidium titanyl oxyphosphate (RTP), kristal barium metaborate (β-BBO), kristal lanthanum gallium silicate (LGS), kristal lithium tantalate (LT) a me ka kristal potassium titanyl phosphate (KTP) i ka electro-optic Q-switching laser. ʻōnaehana.

 ʻO ke kelepona DKDP Pockels kiʻekiʻe i hana ʻia e WISOPTIC (@1064nm, 694nm)